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#!/usr/bin/env python
# pycodestyle.py - Check Python source code formatting, according to
# PEP 8
#
# Copyright (C) 2006-2009 Johann C. Rocholl <johann@rocholl.net>
# Copyright (C) 2009-2014 Florent Xicluna <florent.xicluna@gmail.com>
# Copyright (C) 2014-2016 Ian Lee <ianlee1521@gmail.com>
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
# obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
# (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
# including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
# publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
# and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
# subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
# included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
# NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
# BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
# ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
# CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
# SOFTWARE.
r"""
Check Python source code formatting, according to PEP 8.
For usage and a list of options, try this:
$ python pycodestyle.py -h
This program and its regression test suite live here:
https://github.com/pycqa/pycodestyle
Groups of errors and warnings:
E errors
W warnings
100 indentation
200 whitespace
300 blank lines
400 imports
500 line length
600 deprecation
700 statements
900 syntax error
"""
import bisect
import inspect
import keyword
import os
import re
import sys
import time
import tokenize
import warnings
from fnmatch import fnmatch
from functools import lru_cache
from optparse import OptionParser
try:
from configparser import RawConfigParser
from io import TextIOWrapper
except ImportError:
from ConfigParser import RawConfigParser
# this is a performance hack. see https://bugs.python.org/issue43014
if (
sys.version_info < (3, 10) and
callable(getattr(tokenize, '_compile', None))
): # pragma: no cover (<py310)
tokenize._compile = lru_cache()(tokenize._compile) # type: ignore
__version__ = '2.9.1'
DEFAULT_EXCLUDE = '.svn,CVS,.bzr,.hg,.git,__pycache__,.tox'
DEFAULT_IGNORE = 'E121,E123,E126,E226,E24,E704,W503,W504'
try:
if sys.platform == 'win32':
USER_CONFIG = os.path.expanduser(r'~\.pycodestyle')
else:
USER_CONFIG = os.path.join(
os.getenv('XDG_CONFIG_HOME') or os.path.expanduser('~/.config'),
'pycodestyle'
)
except ImportError:
USER_CONFIG = None
PROJECT_CONFIG = ('setup.cfg', 'tox.ini')
TESTSUITE_PATH = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'testsuite')
MAX_LINE_LENGTH = 79
# Number of blank lines between various code parts.
BLANK_LINES_CONFIG = {
# Top level class and function.
'top_level': 2,
# Methods and nested class and function.
'method': 1,
}
MAX_DOC_LENGTH = 72
INDENT_SIZE = 4
REPORT_FORMAT = {
'default': '%(path)s:%(row)d:%(col)d: %(code)s %(text)s',
'pylint': '%(path)s:%(row)d: [%(code)s] %(text)s',
}
PyCF_ONLY_AST = 1024
SINGLETONS = frozenset(['False', 'None', 'True'])
KEYWORDS = frozenset(keyword.kwlist + ['print', 'async']) - SINGLETONS
UNARY_OPERATORS = frozenset(['>>', '**', '*', '+', '-'])
ARITHMETIC_OP = frozenset(['**', '*', '/', '//', '+', '-', '@'])
WS_OPTIONAL_OPERATORS = ARITHMETIC_OP.union(['^', '&', '|', '<<', '>>', '%'])
ASSIGNMENT_EXPRESSION_OP = [':='] if sys.version_info >= (3, 8) else []
WS_NEEDED_OPERATORS = frozenset([
'**=', '*=', '/=', '//=', '+=', '-=', '!=', '<>', '<', '>',
'%=', '^=', '&=', '|=', '==', '<=', '>=', '<<=', '>>=', '=',
'and', 'in', 'is', 'or', '->'] +
ASSIGNMENT_EXPRESSION_OP)
WHITESPACE = frozenset(' \t\xa0')
NEWLINE = frozenset([tokenize.NL, tokenize.NEWLINE])
SKIP_TOKENS = NEWLINE.union([tokenize.INDENT, tokenize.DEDENT])
# ERRORTOKEN is triggered by backticks in Python 3
SKIP_COMMENTS = SKIP_TOKENS.union([tokenize.COMMENT, tokenize.ERRORTOKEN])
BENCHMARK_KEYS = ['directories', 'files', 'logical lines', 'physical lines']
INDENT_REGEX = re.compile(r'([ \t]*)')
RAISE_COMMA_REGEX = re.compile(r'raise\s+\w+\s*,')
RERAISE_COMMA_REGEX = re.compile(r'raise\s+\w+\s*,.*,\s*\w+\s*$')
ERRORCODE_REGEX = re.compile(r'\b[A-Z]\d{3}\b')
DOCSTRING_REGEX = re.compile(r'u?r?["\']')
EXTRANEOUS_WHITESPACE_REGEX = re.compile(r'[\[({][ \t]|[ \t][\]}),;:](?!=)')
WHITESPACE_AFTER_COMMA_REGEX = re.compile(r'[,;:]\s*(?: |\t)')
COMPARE_SINGLETON_REGEX = re.compile(r'(\bNone|\bFalse|\bTrue)?\s*([=!]=)'
r'\s*(?(1)|(None|False|True))\b')
COMPARE_NEGATIVE_REGEX = re.compile(r'\b(?<!is\s)(not)\s+[^][)(}{ ]+\s+'
r'(in|is)\s')
COMPARE_TYPE_REGEX = re.compile(r'(?:[=!]=|is(?:\s+not)?)\s+type(?:s.\w+Type'
r'|\s*\(\s*([^)]*[^ )])\s*\))')
KEYWORD_REGEX = re.compile(r'(\s*)\b(?:%s)\b(\s*)' % r'|'.join(KEYWORDS))
OPERATOR_REGEX = re.compile(r'(?:[^,\s])(\s*)(?:[-+*/|!<=>%&^]+|:=)(\s*)')
LAMBDA_REGEX = re.compile(r'\blambda\b')
HUNK_REGEX = re.compile(r'^@@ -\d+(?:,\d+)? \+(\d+)(?:,(\d+))? @@.*$')
STARTSWITH_DEF_REGEX = re.compile(r'^(async\s+def|def)\b')
STARTSWITH_TOP_LEVEL_REGEX = re.compile(r'^(async\s+def\s+|def\s+|class\s+|@)')
STARTSWITH_INDENT_STATEMENT_REGEX = re.compile(
r'^\s*({})\b'.format('|'.join(s.replace(' ', r'\s+') for s in (
'def', 'async def',
'for', 'async for',
'if', 'elif', 'else',
'try', 'except', 'finally',
'with', 'async with',
'class',
'while',
)))
)
DUNDER_REGEX = re.compile(r"^__([^\s]+)__(?::\s*[a-zA-Z.0-9_\[\]\"]+)? = ")
BLANK_EXCEPT_REGEX = re.compile(r"except\s*:")
_checks = {'physical_line': {}, 'logical_line': {}, 'tree': {}}
def _get_parameters(function):
return [parameter.name
for parameter
in inspect.signature(function).parameters.values()
if parameter.kind == parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD]
def register_check(check, codes=None):
"""Register a new check object."""
def _add_check(check, kind, codes, args):
if check in _checks[kind]:
_checks[kind][check][0].extend(codes or [])
else:
_checks[kind][check] = (codes or [''], args)
if inspect.isfunction(check):
args = _get_parameters(check)
if args and args[0] in ('physical_line', 'logical_line'):
if codes is None:
codes = ERRORCODE_REGEX.findall(check.__doc__ or '')
_add_check(check, args[0], codes, args)
elif inspect.isclass(check):
if _get_parameters(check.__init__)[:2] == ['self', 'tree']:
_add_check(check, 'tree', codes, None)
return check
########################################################################
# Plugins (check functions) for physical lines
########################################################################
@register_check
def tabs_or_spaces(physical_line, indent_char):
r"""Never mix tabs and spaces.
The most popular way of indenting Python is with spaces only. The
second-most popular way is with tabs only. Code indented with a
mixture of tabs and spaces should be converted to using spaces
exclusively. When invoking the Python command line interpreter with
the -t option, it issues warnings about code that illegally mixes
tabs and spaces. When using -tt these warnings become errors.
These options are highly recommended!
Okay: if a == 0:\n a = 1\n b = 1
E101: if a == 0:\n a = 1\n\tb = 1
"""
indent = INDENT_REGEX.match(physical_line).group(1)
for offset, char in enumerate(indent):
if char != indent_char:
return offset, "E101 indentation contains mixed spaces and tabs"
@register_check
def tabs_obsolete(physical_line):
r"""On new projects, spaces-only are strongly recommended over tabs.
Okay: if True:\n return
W191: if True:\n\treturn
"""
indent = INDENT_REGEX.match(physical_line).group(1)
if '\t' in indent:
return indent.index('\t'), "W191 indentation contains tabs"
@register_check
def trailing_whitespace(physical_line):
r"""Trailing whitespace is superfluous.
The warning returned varies on whether the line itself is blank,
for easier filtering for those who want to indent their blank lines.
Okay: spam(1)\n#
W291: spam(1) \n#
W293: class Foo(object):\n \n bang = 12
"""
physical_line = physical_line.rstrip('\n') # chr(10), newline
physical_line = physical_line.rstrip('\r') # chr(13), carriage return
physical_line = physical_line.rstrip('\x0c') # chr(12), form feed, ^L
stripped = physical_line.rstrip(' \t\v')
if physical_line != stripped:
if stripped:
return len(stripped), "W291 trailing whitespace"
else:
return 0, "W293 blank line contains whitespace"
@register_check
def trailing_blank_lines(physical_line, lines, line_number, total_lines):
r"""Trailing blank lines are superfluous.
Okay: spam(1)
W391: spam(1)\n
However the last line should end with a new line (warning W292).
"""
if line_number == total_lines:
stripped_last_line = physical_line.rstrip('\r\n')
if physical_line and not stripped_last_line:
return 0, "W391 blank line at end of file"
if stripped_last_line == physical_line:
return len(lines[-1]), "W292 no newline at end of file"
@register_check
def maximum_line_length(physical_line, max_line_length, multiline,
line_number, noqa):
r"""Limit all lines to a maximum of 79 characters.
There are still many devices around that are limited to 80 character
lines; plus, limiting windows to 80 characters makes it possible to
have several windows side-by-side. The default wrapping on such
devices looks ugly. Therefore, please limit all lines to a maximum
of 79 characters. For flowing long blocks of text (docstrings or
comments), limiting the length to 72 characters is recommended.
Reports error E501.
"""
line = physical_line.rstrip()
length = len(line)
if length > max_line_length and not noqa:
# Special case: ignore long shebang lines.
if line_number == 1 and line.startswith('#!'):
return
# Special case for long URLs in multi-line docstrings or
# comments, but still report the error when the 72 first chars
# are whitespaces.
chunks = line.split()
if ((len(chunks) == 1 and multiline) or
(len(chunks) == 2 and chunks[0] == '#')) and \
len(line) - len(chunks[-1]) < max_line_length - 7:
return
if length > max_line_length:
return (max_line_length, "E501 line too long "
"(%d > %d characters)" % (length, max_line_length))
########################################################################
# Plugins (check functions) for logical lines
########################################################################
def _is_one_liner(logical_line, indent_level, lines, line_number):
if not STARTSWITH_TOP_LEVEL_REGEX.match(logical_line):
return False
line_idx = line_number - 1
if line_idx < 1:
prev_indent = 0
else:
prev_indent = expand_indent(lines[line_idx - 1])
if prev_indent > indent_level:
return False
while line_idx < len(lines):
line = lines[line_idx].strip()
if not line.startswith('@') and STARTSWITH_TOP_LEVEL_REGEX.match(line):
break
else:
line_idx += 1
else:
return False # invalid syntax: EOF while searching for def/class
next_idx = line_idx + 1
while next_idx < len(lines):
if lines[next_idx].strip():
break
else:
next_idx += 1
else:
return True # line is last in the file
return expand_indent(lines[next_idx]) <= indent_level
@register_check
def blank_lines(logical_line, blank_lines, indent_level, line_number,
blank_before, previous_logical,
previous_unindented_logical_line, previous_indent_level,
lines):
r"""Separate top-level function and class definitions with two blank
lines.
Method definitions inside a class are separated by a single blank
line.
Extra blank lines may be used (sparingly) to separate groups of
related functions. Blank lines may be omitted between a bunch of
related one-liners (e.g. a set of dummy implementations).
Use blank lines in functions, sparingly, to indicate logical
sections.
Okay: def a():\n pass\n\n\ndef b():\n pass
Okay: def a():\n pass\n\n\nasync def b():\n pass
Okay: def a():\n pass\n\n\n# Foo\n# Bar\n\ndef b():\n pass
Okay: default = 1\nfoo = 1
Okay: classify = 1\nfoo = 1
E301: class Foo:\n b = 0\n def bar():\n pass
E302: def a():\n pass\n\ndef b(n):\n pass
E302: def a():\n pass\n\nasync def b(n):\n pass
E303: def a():\n pass\n\n\n\ndef b(n):\n pass
E303: def a():\n\n\n\n pass
E304: @decorator\n\ndef a():\n pass
E305: def a():\n pass\na()
E306: def a():\n def b():\n pass\n def c():\n pass
""" # noqa
top_level_lines = BLANK_LINES_CONFIG['top_level']
method_lines = BLANK_LINES_CONFIG['method']
if not previous_logical and blank_before < top_level_lines:
return # Don't expect blank lines before the first line
if previous_logical.startswith('@'):
if blank_lines:
yield 0, "E304 blank lines found after function decorator"
elif (blank_lines > top_level_lines or
(indent_level and blank_lines == method_lines + 1)
):
yield 0, "E303 too many blank lines (%d)" % blank_lines
elif STARTSWITH_TOP_LEVEL_REGEX.match(logical_line):
# allow a group of one-liners
if (
_is_one_liner(logical_line, indent_level, lines, line_number) and
blank_before == 0
):
return
if indent_level:
if not (blank_before == method_lines or
previous_indent_level < indent_level or
DOCSTRING_REGEX.match(previous_logical)
):
ancestor_level = indent_level
nested = False
# Search backwards for a def ancestor or tree root
# (top level).
for line in lines[line_number - top_level_lines::-1]:
if line.strip() and expand_indent(line) < ancestor_level:
ancestor_level = expand_indent(line)
nested = STARTSWITH_DEF_REGEX.match(line.lstrip())
if nested or ancestor_level == 0:
break
if nested:
yield 0, "E306 expected %s blank line before a " \
"nested definition, found 0" % (method_lines,)
else:
yield 0, "E301 expected {} blank line, found 0".format(
method_lines)
elif blank_before != top_level_lines:
yield 0, "E302 expected %s blank lines, found %d" % (
top_level_lines, blank_before)
elif (logical_line and
not indent_level and
blank_before != top_level_lines and
previous_unindented_logical_line.startswith(('def ', 'class '))
):
yield 0, "E305 expected %s blank lines after " \
"class or function definition, found %d" % (
top_level_lines, blank_before)
@register_check
def extraneous_whitespace(logical_line):
r"""Avoid extraneous whitespace.
Avoid extraneous whitespace in these situations:
- Immediately inside parentheses, brackets or braces.
- Immediately before a comma, semicolon, or colon.
Okay: spam(ham[1], {eggs: 2})
E201: spam( ham[1], {eggs: 2})
E201: spam(ham[ 1], {eggs: 2})
E201: spam(ham[1], { eggs: 2})
E202: spam(ham[1], {eggs: 2} )
E202: spam(ham[1 ], {eggs: 2})
E202: spam(ham[1], {eggs: 2 })
E203: if x == 4: print x, y; x, y = y , x
E203: if x == 4: print x, y ; x, y = y, x
E203: if x == 4 : print x, y; x, y = y, x
"""
line = logical_line
for match in EXTRANEOUS_WHITESPACE_REGEX.finditer(line):
text = match.group()
char = text.strip()
found = match.start()
if text[-1].isspace():
# assert char in '([{'
yield found + 1, "E201 whitespace after '%s'" % char
elif line[found - 1] != ',':
code = ('E202' if char in '}])' else 'E203') # if char in ',;:'
yield found, f"{code} whitespace before '{char}'"
@register_check
def whitespace_around_keywords(logical_line):
r"""Avoid extraneous whitespace around keywords.
Okay: True and False
E271: True and False
E272: True and False
E273: True and\tFalse
E274: True\tand False
"""
for match in KEYWORD_REGEX.finditer(logical_line):
before, after = match.groups()
if '\t' in before:
yield match.start(1), "E274 tab before keyword"
elif len(before) > 1:
yield match.start(1), "E272 multiple spaces before keyword"
if '\t' in after:
yield match.start(2), "E273 tab after keyword"
elif len(after) > 1:
yield match.start(2), "E271 multiple spaces after keyword"
@register_check
def missing_whitespace_after_keyword(logical_line, tokens):
r"""Keywords should be followed by whitespace.
Okay: from foo import (bar, baz)
E275: from foo import(bar, baz)
E275: from importable.module import(bar, baz)
E275: if(foo): bar
"""
for tok0, tok1 in zip(tokens, tokens[1:]):
# This must exclude the True/False/None singletons, which can
# appear e.g. as "if x is None:", and async/await, which were
# valid identifier names in old Python versions.
if (tok0.end == tok1.start and
keyword.iskeyword(tok0.string) and
tok0.string not in SINGLETONS and
tok0.string not in ('async', 'await') and
not (tok0.string == 'except' and tok1.string == '*') and
not (tok0.string == 'yield' and tok1.string == ')') and
tok1.string not in ':\n'):
yield tok0.end, "E275 missing whitespace after keyword"
@register_check
def missing_whitespace(logical_line):
r"""Each comma, semicolon or colon should be followed by whitespace.
Okay: [a, b]
Okay: (3,)
Okay: a[1:4]
Okay: a[:4]
Okay: a[1:]
Okay: a[1:4:2]
E231: ['a','b']
E231: foo(bar,baz)
E231: [{'a':'b'}]
"""
line = logical_line
for index in range(len(line) - 1):
char = line[index]
next_char = line[index + 1]
if char in ',;:' and next_char not in WHITESPACE:
before = line[:index]
if char == ':' and before.count('[') > before.count(']') and \
before.rfind('{') < before.rfind('['):
continue # Slice syntax, no space required
if char == ',' and next_char == ')':
continue # Allow tuple with only one element: (3,)
if char == ':' and next_char == '=' and sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
continue # Allow assignment expression
yield index, "E231 missing whitespace after '%s'" % char
@register_check
def indentation(logical_line, previous_logical, indent_char,
indent_level, previous_indent_level,
indent_size):
r"""Use indent_size (PEP8 says 4) spaces per indentation level.
For really old code that you don't want to mess up, you can continue
to use 8-space tabs.
Okay: a = 1
Okay: if a == 0:\n a = 1
E111: a = 1
E114: # a = 1
Okay: for item in items:\n pass
E112: for item in items:\npass
E115: for item in items:\n# Hi\n pass
Okay: a = 1\nb = 2
E113: a = 1\n b = 2
E116: a = 1\n # b = 2
"""
c = 0 if logical_line else 3
tmpl = "E11%d %s" if logical_line else "E11%d %s (comment)"
if indent_level % indent_size:
yield 0, tmpl % (
1 + c,
"indentation is not a multiple of " + str(indent_size),
)
indent_expect = previous_logical.endswith(':')
if indent_expect and indent_level <= previous_indent_level:
yield 0, tmpl % (2 + c, "expected an indented block")
elif not indent_expect and indent_level > previous_indent_level:
yield 0, tmpl % (3 + c, "unexpected indentation")
if indent_expect:
expected_indent_amount = 8 if indent_char == '\t' else 4
expected_indent_level = previous_indent_level + expected_indent_amount
if indent_level > expected_indent_level:
yield 0, tmpl % (7, 'over-indented')
@register_check
def continued_indentation(logical_line, tokens, indent_level, hang_closing,
indent_char, indent_size, noqa, verbose):
r"""Continuation lines indentation.
Continuation lines should align wrapped elements either vertically
using Python's implicit line joining inside parentheses, brackets
and braces, or using a hanging indent.
When using a hanging indent these considerations should be applied:
- there should be no arguments on the first line, and
- further indentation should be used to clearly distinguish itself
as a continuation line.
Okay: a = (\n)
E123: a = (\n )
Okay: a = (\n 42)
E121: a = (\n 42)
E122: a = (\n42)
E123: a = (\n 42\n )
E124: a = (24,\n 42\n)
E125: if (\n b):\n pass
E126: a = (\n 42)
E127: a = (24,\n 42)
E128: a = (24,\n 42)
E129: if (a or\n b):\n pass
E131: a = (\n 42\n 24)
"""
first_row = tokens[0][2][0]
nrows = 1 + tokens[-1][2][0] - first_row
if noqa or nrows == 1:
return
# indent_next tells us whether the next block is indented; assuming
# that it is indented by 4 spaces, then we should not allow 4-space
# indents on the final continuation line; in turn, some other
# indents are allowed to have an extra 4 spaces.
indent_next = logical_line.endswith(':')
row = depth = 0
valid_hangs = (indent_size,) if indent_char != '\t' \
else (indent_size, indent_size * 2)
# remember how many brackets were opened on each line
parens = [0] * nrows
# relative indents of physical lines
rel_indent = [0] * nrows
# for each depth, collect a list of opening rows
open_rows = [[0]]
# for each depth, memorize the hanging indentation
hangs = [None]
# visual indents
indent_chances = {}
last_indent = tokens[0][2]
visual_indent = None
last_token_multiline = False
# for each depth, memorize the visual indent column
indent = [last_indent[1]]
if verbose >= 3:
print(">>> " + tokens[0][4].rstrip())
for token_type, text, start, end, line in tokens:
newline = row < start[0] - first_row
if newline:
row = start[0] - first_row
newline = not last_token_multiline and token_type not in NEWLINE
if newline:
# this is the beginning of a continuation line.
last_indent = start
if verbose >= 3:
print("... " + line.rstrip())
# record the initial indent.
rel_indent[row] = expand_indent(line) - indent_level
# identify closing bracket
close_bracket = (token_type == tokenize.OP and text in ']})')
# is the indent relative to an opening bracket line?
for open_row in reversed(open_rows[depth]):
hang = rel_indent[row] - rel_indent[open_row]
hanging_indent = hang in valid_hangs
if hanging_indent:
break
if hangs[depth]:
hanging_indent = (hang == hangs[depth])
# is there any chance of visual indent?
visual_indent = (not close_bracket and hang > 0 and
indent_chances.get(start[1]))
if close_bracket and indent[depth]:
# closing bracket for visual indent
if start[1] != indent[depth]:
yield (start, "E124 closing bracket does not match "
"visual indentation")
elif close_bracket and not hang:
# closing bracket matches indentation of opening
# bracket's line
if hang_closing:
yield start, "E133 closing bracket is missing indentation"
elif indent[depth] and start[1] < indent[depth]:
if visual_indent is not True:
# visual indent is broken
yield (start, "E128 continuation line "
"under-indented for visual indent")
elif hanging_indent or (indent_next and
rel_indent[row] == 2 * indent_size):
# hanging indent is verified
if close_bracket and not hang_closing:
yield (start, "E123 closing bracket does not match "
"indentation of opening bracket's line")
hangs[depth] = hang
elif visual_indent is True:
# visual indent is verified
indent[depth] = start[1]
elif visual_indent in (text, str):
# ignore token lined up with matching one from a
# previous line
pass
else:
# indent is broken
if hang <= 0:
error = "E122", "missing indentation or outdented"
elif indent[depth]:
error = "E127", "over-indented for visual indent"
elif not close_bracket and hangs[depth]:
error = "E131", "unaligned for hanging indent"
else:
hangs[depth] = hang
if hang > indent_size:
error = "E126", "over-indented for hanging indent"
else:
error = "E121", "under-indented for hanging indent"
yield start, "%s continuation line %s" % error
# look for visual indenting
if (parens[row] and
token_type not in (tokenize.NL, tokenize.COMMENT) and
not indent[depth]):
indent[depth] = start[1]
indent_chances[start[1]] = True
if verbose >= 4:
print(f"bracket depth {depth} indent to {start[1]}")
# deal with implicit string concatenation
elif (token_type in (tokenize.STRING, tokenize.COMMENT) or
text in ('u', 'ur', 'b', 'br')):
indent_chances[start[1]] = str
# visual indent after assert/raise/with
elif not row and not depth and text in ["assert", "raise", "with"]:
indent_chances[end[1] + 1] = True
# special case for the "if" statement because len("if (") == 4
elif not indent_chances and not row and not depth and text == 'if':
indent_chances[end[1] + 1] = True
elif text == ':' and line[end[1]:].isspace():
open_rows[depth].append(row)
# keep track of bracket depth
if token_type == tokenize.OP:
if text in '([{':
depth += 1
indent.append(0)
hangs.append(None)
if len(open_rows) == depth:
open_rows.append([])
open_rows[depth].append(row)
parens[row] += 1
if verbose >= 4:
print("bracket depth %s seen, col %s, visual min = %s" %
(depth, start[1], indent[depth]))
elif text in ')]}' and depth > 0:
# parent indents should not be more than this one
prev_indent = indent.pop() or last_indent[1]
hangs.pop()
for d in range(depth):
if indent[d] > prev_indent:
indent[d] = 0
for ind in list(indent_chances):
if ind >= prev_indent:
del indent_chances[ind]
del open_rows[depth + 1:]
depth -= 1
if depth:
indent_chances[indent[depth]] = True
for idx in range(row, -1, -1):
if parens[idx]:
parens[idx] -= 1
break
assert len(indent) == depth + 1
if start[1] not in indent_chances:
# allow lining up tokens
indent_chances[start[1]] = text
last_token_multiline = (start[0] != end[0])
if last_token_multiline:
rel_indent[end[0] - first_row] = rel_indent[row]
if indent_next and expand_indent(line) == indent_level + indent_size:
pos = (start[0], indent[0] + indent_size)
if visual_indent:
code = "E129 visually indented line"
else:
code = "E125 continuation line"
yield pos, "%s with same indent as next logical line" % code
@register_check
def whitespace_before_parameters(logical_line, tokens):
r"""Avoid extraneous whitespace.
Avoid extraneous whitespace in the following situations:
- before the open parenthesis that starts the argument list of a
function call.
- before the open parenthesis that starts an indexing or slicing.
Okay: spam(1)
E211: spam (1)
Okay: dict['key'] = list[index]
E211: dict ['key'] = list[index]
E211: dict['key'] = list [index]
"""
prev_type, prev_text, __, prev_end, __ = tokens[0]
for index in range(1, len(tokens)):
token_type, text, start, end, __ = tokens[index]
if (
token_type == tokenize.OP and
text in '([' and
start != prev_end and
(prev_type == tokenize.NAME or prev_text in '}])') and
# Syntax "class A (B):" is allowed, but avoid it
(index < 2 or tokens[index - 2][1] != 'class') and
# Allow "return (a.foo for a in range(5))"
not keyword.iskeyword(prev_text) and
# 'match' and 'case' are only soft keywords
(
sys.version_info < (3, 9) or
not keyword.issoftkeyword(prev_text)
)
):
yield prev_end, "E211 whitespace before '%s'" % text
prev_type = token_type
prev_text = text
prev_end = end
@register_check
def whitespace_around_operator(logical_line):
r"""Avoid extraneous whitespace around an operator.
Okay: a = 12 + 3
E221: a = 4 + 5
E222: a = 4 + 5
E223: a = 4\t+ 5
E224: a = 4 +\t5
"""
for match in OPERATOR_REGEX.finditer(logical_line):
before, after = match.groups()
if '\t' in before:
yield match.start(1), "E223 tab before operator"
elif len(before) > 1:
yield match.start(1), "E221 multiple spaces before operator"
if '\t' in after:
yield match.start(2), "E224 tab after operator"
elif len(after) > 1:
yield match.start(2), "E222 multiple spaces after operator"
@register_check
def missing_whitespace_around_operator(logical_line, tokens):
r"""Surround operators with a single space on either side.
- Always surround these binary operators with a single space on
either side: assignment (=), augmented assignment (+=, -= etc.),
comparisons (==, <, >, !=, <=, >=, in, not in, is, is not),
Booleans (and, or, not).
- If operators with different priorities are used, consider adding
whitespace around the operators with the lowest priorities.
Okay: i = i + 1
Okay: submitted += 1
Okay: x = x * 2 - 1
Okay: hypot2 = x * x + y * y
Okay: c = (a + b) * (a - b)
Okay: foo(bar, key='word', *args, **kwargs)
Okay: alpha[:-i]
E225: i=i+1
E225: submitted +=1
E225: x = x /2 - 1
E225: z = x **y
E225: z = 1and 1
E226: c = (a+b) * (a-b)
E226: hypot2 = x*x + y*y
E227: c = a|b
E228: msg = fmt%(errno, errmsg)
"""
parens = 0
need_space = False
prev_type = tokenize.OP
prev_text = prev_end = None
operator_types = (tokenize.OP, tokenize.NAME)
for token_type, text, start, end, line in tokens:
if token_type in SKIP_COMMENTS:
continue
if text in ('(', 'lambda'):
parens += 1
elif text == ')':
parens -= 1
if need_space:
if start != prev_end:
# Found a (probably) needed space
if need_space is not True and not need_space[1]:
yield (need_space[0],
"E225 missing whitespace around operator")
need_space = False
elif text == '>' and prev_text in ('<', '-'):
# Tolerate the "<>" operator, even if running Python 3
# Deal with Python 3's annotated return value "->"
pass
elif (
# def f(a, /, b):
# ^
# def f(a, b, /):
# ^
# f = lambda a, /:
# ^
prev_text == '/' and text in {',', ')', ':'} or
# def f(a, b, /):
# ^
prev_text == ')' and text == ':'
):
# Tolerate the "/" operator in function definition
# For more info see PEP570
pass
else:
if need_space is True or need_space[1]:
# A needed trailing space was not found
yield prev_end, "E225 missing whitespace around operator"
elif prev_text != '**':
code, optype = 'E226', 'arithmetic'
if prev_text == '%':
code, optype = 'E228', 'modulo'
elif prev_text not in ARITHMETIC_OP:
code, optype = 'E227', 'bitwise or shift'
yield (need_space[0], "%s missing whitespace "
"around %s operator" % (code, optype))
need_space = False
elif token_type in operator_types and prev_end is not None:
if text == '=' and parens:
# Allow keyword args or defaults: foo(bar=None).
pass
elif text in WS_NEEDED_OPERATORS:
need_space = True
elif text in UNARY_OPERATORS:
# Check if the operator is used as a binary operator
# Allow unary operators: -123, -x, +1.
# Allow argument unpacking: foo(*args, **kwargs).
if prev_type == tokenize.OP and prev_text in '}])' or (
prev_type != tokenize.OP and
prev_text not in KEYWORDS and (
sys.version_info < (3, 9) or
not keyword.issoftkeyword(prev_text)
)
):
need_space = None
elif text in WS_OPTIONAL_OPERATORS:
need_space = None
if need_space is None:
# Surrounding space is optional, but ensure that
# trailing space matches opening space
need_space = (prev_end, start != prev_end)
elif need_space and start == prev_end:
# A needed opening space was not found
yield prev_end, "E225 missing whitespace around operator"
need_space = False
prev_type = token_type
prev_text = text
prev_end = end
@register_check
def whitespace_around_comma(logical_line):
r"""Avoid extraneous whitespace after a comma or a colon.
Note: these checks are disabled by default
Okay: a = (1, 2)
E241: a = (1, 2)
E242: a = (1,\t2)
"""
line = logical_line
for m in WHITESPACE_AFTER_COMMA_REGEX.finditer(line):
found = m.start() + 1
if '\t' in m.group():
yield found, "E242 tab after '%s'" % m.group()[0]
else:
yield found, "E241 multiple spaces after '%s'" % m.group()[0]
@register_check
def whitespace_around_named_parameter_equals(logical_line, tokens):
r"""Don't use spaces around the '=' sign in function arguments.
Don't use spaces around the '=' sign when used to indicate a
keyword argument or a default parameter value, except when
using a type annotation.
Okay: def complex(real, imag=0.0):
Okay: return magic(r=real, i=imag)
Okay: boolean(a == b)
Okay: boolean(a != b)
Okay: boolean(a <= b)
Okay: boolean(a >= b)
Okay: def foo(arg: int = 42):
Okay: async def foo(arg: int = 42):
E251: def complex(real, imag = 0.0):
E251: return magic(r = real, i = imag)
E252: def complex(real, image: float=0.0):
"""
parens = 0
no_space = False
require_space = False
prev_end = None
annotated_func_arg = False
in_def = bool(STARTSWITH_DEF_REGEX.match(logical_line))
message = "E251 unexpected spaces around keyword / parameter equals"
missing_message = "E252 missing whitespace around parameter equals"
for token_type, text, start, end, line in tokens:
if token_type == tokenize.NL:
continue
if no_space:
no_space = False
if start != prev_end:
yield (prev_end, message)
if require_space:
require_space = False
if start == prev_end:
yield (prev_end, missing_message)
if token_type == tokenize.OP:
if text in '([':
parens += 1
elif text in ')]':
parens -= 1
elif in_def and text == ':' and parens == 1:
annotated_func_arg = True
elif parens == 1 and text == ',':
annotated_func_arg = False
elif parens and text == '=':
if annotated_func_arg and parens == 1:
require_space = True
if start == prev_end:
yield (prev_end, missing_message)
else:
no_space = True
if start != prev_end:
yield (prev_end, message)
if not parens:
annotated_func_arg = False
prev_end = end
@register_check
def whitespace_before_comment(logical_line, tokens):
"""Separate inline comments by at least two spaces.
An inline comment is a comment on the same line as a statement.
Inline comments should be separated by at least two spaces from the
statement. They should start with a # and a single space.
Each line of a block comment starts with a # and one or multiple
spaces as there can be indented text inside the comment.
Okay: x = x + 1 # Increment x
Okay: x = x + 1 # Increment x
Okay: # Block comments:
Okay: # - Block comment list
Okay: # \xa0- Block comment list
E261: x = x + 1 # Increment x
E262: x = x + 1 #Increment x
E262: x = x + 1 # Increment x
E262: x = x + 1 # \xa0Increment x
E265: #Block comment
E266: ### Block comment
"""
prev_end = (0, 0)
for token_type, text, start, end, line in tokens:
if token_type == tokenize.COMMENT:
inline_comment = line[:start[1]].strip()
if inline_comment:
if prev_end[0] == start[0] and start[1] < prev_end[1] + 2:
yield (prev_end,
"E261 at least two spaces before inline comment")
symbol, sp, comment = text.partition(' ')
bad_prefix = symbol not in '#:' and (symbol.lstrip('#')[:1] or '#')
if inline_comment:
if bad_prefix or comment[:1] in WHITESPACE:
yield start, "E262 inline comment should start with '# '"
elif bad_prefix and (bad_prefix != '!' or start[0] > 1):
if bad_prefix != '#':
yield start, "E265 block comment should start with '# '"
elif comment:
yield start, "E266 too many leading '#' for block comment"
elif token_type != tokenize.NL:
prev_end = end
@register_check
def imports_on_separate_lines(logical_line):
r"""Place imports on separate lines.
Okay: import os\nimport sys
E401: import sys, os
Okay: from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
Okay: from myclas import MyClass
Okay: from foo.bar.yourclass import YourClass
Okay: import myclass
Okay: import foo.bar.yourclass
"""
line = logical_line
if line.startswith('import '):
found = line.find(',')
if -1 < found and ';' not in line[:found]:
yield found, "E401 multiple imports on one line"
@register_check
def module_imports_on_top_of_file(
logical_line, indent_level, checker_state, noqa):
r"""Place imports at the top of the file.
Always put imports at the top of the file, just after any module
comments and docstrings, and before module globals and constants.
Okay: import os
Okay: # this is a comment\nimport os
Okay: '''this is a module docstring'''\nimport os
Okay: r'''this is a module docstring'''\nimport os
Okay:
try:\n\timport x\nexcept ImportError:\n\tpass\nelse:\n\tpass\nimport y
Okay:
try:\n\timport x\nexcept ImportError:\n\tpass\nfinally:\n\tpass\nimport y
E402: a=1\nimport os
E402: 'One string'\n"Two string"\nimport os
E402: a=1\nfrom sys import x
Okay: if x:\n import os
""" # noqa
def is_string_literal(line):
if line[0] in 'uUbB':
line = line[1:]
if line and line[0] in 'rR':
line = line[1:]
return line and (line[0] == '"' or line[0] == "'")
allowed_keywords = (
'try', 'except', 'else', 'finally', 'with', 'if', 'elif')
if indent_level: # Allow imports in conditional statement/function
return
if not logical_line: # Allow empty lines or comments
return
if noqa:
return
line = logical_line
if line.startswith('import ') or line.startswith('from '):
if checker_state.get('seen_non_imports', False):
yield 0, "E402 module level import not at top of file"
elif re.match(DUNDER_REGEX, line):
return
elif any(line.startswith(kw) for kw in allowed_keywords):
# Allow certain keywords intermixed with imports in order to
# support conditional or filtered importing
return
elif is_string_literal(line):
# The first literal is a docstring, allow it. Otherwise, report
# error.
if checker_state.get('seen_docstring', False):
checker_state['seen_non_imports'] = True
else:
checker_state['seen_docstring'] = True
else:
checker_state['seen_non_imports'] = True
@register_check
def compound_statements(logical_line):
r"""Compound statements (on the same line) are generally
discouraged.
While sometimes it's okay to put an if/for/while with a small body
on the same line, never do this for multi-clause statements.
Also avoid folding such long lines!
Always use a def statement instead of an assignment statement that
binds a lambda expression directly to a name.
Okay: if foo == 'blah':\n do_blah_thing()
Okay: do_one()
Okay: do_two()
Okay: do_three()
E701: if foo == 'blah': do_blah_thing()
E701: for x in lst: total += x
E701: while t < 10: t = delay()
E701: if foo == 'blah': do_blah_thing()
E701: else: do_non_blah_thing()
E701: try: something()
E701: finally: cleanup()
E701: if foo == 'blah': one(); two(); three()
E702: do_one(); do_two(); do_three()
E703: do_four(); # useless semicolon
E704: def f(x): return 2*x
E731: f = lambda x: 2*x
"""
line = logical_line
last_char = len(line) - 1
found = line.find(':')
prev_found = 0
counts = {char: 0 for char in '{}[]()'}
while -1 < found < last_char:
update_counts(line[prev_found:found], counts)
if ((counts['{'] <= counts['}'] and # {'a': 1} (dict)
counts['['] <= counts[']'] and # [1:2] (slice)
counts['('] <= counts[')']) and # (annotation)
not (sys.version_info >= (3, 8) and
line[found + 1] == '=')): # assignment expression
lambda_kw = LAMBDA_REGEX.search(line, 0, found)
if lambda_kw:
before = line[:lambda_kw.start()].rstrip()
if before[-1:] == '=' and before[:-1].strip().isidentifier():
yield 0, ("E731 do not assign a lambda expression, use a "
"def")
break
if STARTSWITH_DEF_REGEX.match(line):
yield 0, "E704 multiple statements on one line (def)"
elif STARTSWITH_INDENT_STATEMENT_REGEX.match(line):
yield found, "E701 multiple statements on one line (colon)"
prev_found = found
found = line.find(':', found + 1)
found = line.find(';')
while -1 < found:
if found < last_char:
yield found, "E702 multiple statements on one line (semicolon)"
else:
yield found, "E703 statement ends with a semicolon"
found = line.find(';', found + 1)
@register_check
def explicit_line_join(logical_line, tokens):
r"""Avoid explicit line join between brackets.
The preferred way of wrapping long lines is by using Python's
implied line continuation inside parentheses, brackets and braces.
Long lines can be broken over multiple lines by wrapping expressions
in parentheses. These should be used in preference to using a
backslash for line continuation.
E502: aaa = [123, \\n 123]
E502: aaa = ("bbb " \\n "ccc")
Okay: aaa = [123,\n 123]
Okay: aaa = ("bbb "\n "ccc")
Okay: aaa = "bbb " \\n "ccc"
Okay: aaa = 123 # \\
"""
prev_start = prev_end = parens = 0
comment = False
backslash = None
for token_type, text, start, end, line in tokens:
if token_type == tokenize.COMMENT:
comment = True
if start[0] != prev_start and parens and backslash and not comment:
yield backslash, "E502 the backslash is redundant between brackets"
if end[0] != prev_end:
if line.rstrip('\r\n').endswith('\\'):
backslash = (end[0], len(line.splitlines()[-1]) - 1)
else:
backslash = None
prev_start = prev_end = end[0]
else:
prev_start = start[0]
if token_type == tokenize.OP:
if text in '([{':
parens += 1
elif text in ')]}':
parens -= 1
# The % character is strictly speaking a binary operator, but the
# common usage seems to be to put it next to the format parameters,
# after a line break.
_SYMBOLIC_OPS = frozenset("()[]{},:.;@=%~") | frozenset(("...",))
def _is_binary_operator(token_type, text):
return (
token_type == tokenize.OP or
text in {'and', 'or'}
) and (
text not in _SYMBOLIC_OPS
)
def _break_around_binary_operators(tokens):
"""Private function to reduce duplication.
This factors out the shared details between
:func:`break_before_binary_operator` and
:func:`break_after_binary_operator`.
"""
line_break = False
unary_context = True
# Previous non-newline token types and text
previous_token_type = None
previous_text = None
for token_type, text, start, end, line in tokens:
if token_type == tokenize.COMMENT:
continue
if ('\n' in text or '\r' in text) and token_type != tokenize.STRING:
line_break = True
else:
yield (token_type, text, previous_token_type, previous_text,
line_break, unary_context, start)
unary_context = text in '([{,;'
line_break = False
previous_token_type = token_type
previous_text = text
@register_check
def break_before_binary_operator(logical_line, tokens):
r"""
Avoid breaks before binary operators.
The preferred place to break around a binary operator is after the
operator, not before it.
W503: (width == 0\n + height == 0)
W503: (width == 0\n and height == 0)
W503: var = (1\n & ~2)
W503: var = (1\n / -2)
W503: var = (1\n + -1\n + -2)
Okay: foo(\n -x)
Okay: foo(x\n [])
Okay: x = '''\n''' + ''
Okay: foo(x,\n -y)
Okay: foo(x, # comment\n -y)
"""
for context in _break_around_binary_operators(tokens):
(token_type, text, previous_token_type, previous_text,
line_break, unary_context, start) = context
if (_is_binary_operator(token_type, text) and line_break and
not unary_context and
not _is_binary_operator(previous_token_type,
previous_text)):
yield start, "W503 line break before binary operator"
@register_check
def break_after_binary_operator(logical_line, tokens):
r"""
Avoid breaks after binary operators.
The preferred place to break around a binary operator is before the
operator, not after it.
W504: (width == 0 +\n height == 0)
W504: (width == 0 and\n height == 0)
W504: var = (1 &\n ~2)
Okay: foo(\n -x)
Okay: foo(x\n [])
Okay: x = '''\n''' + ''
Okay: x = '' + '''\n'''
Okay: foo(x,\n -y)
Okay: foo(x, # comment\n -y)
The following should be W504 but unary_context is tricky with these
Okay: var = (1 /\n -2)
Okay: var = (1 +\n -1 +\n -2)
"""
prev_start = None
for context in _break_around_binary_operators(tokens):
(token_type, text, previous_token_type, previous_text,
line_break, unary_context, start) = context
if (_is_binary_operator(previous_token_type, previous_text) and
line_break and
not unary_context and
not _is_binary_operator(token_type, text)):
yield prev_start, "W504 line break after binary operator"
prev_start = start
@register_check
def comparison_to_singleton(logical_line, noqa):
r"""Comparison to singletons should use "is" or "is not".
Comparisons to singletons like None should always be done
with "is" or "is not", never the equality operators.
Okay: if arg is not None:
E711: if arg != None:
E711: if None == arg:
E712: if arg == True:
E712: if False == arg:
Also, beware of writing if x when you really mean if x is not None
-- e.g. when testing whether a variable or argument that defaults to
None was set to some other value. The other value might have a type
(such as a container) that could be false in a boolean context!
"""
if noqa:
return
for match in COMPARE_SINGLETON_REGEX.finditer(logical_line):
singleton = match.group(1) or match.group(3)
same = (match.group(2) == '==')
msg = "'if cond is %s:'" % (('' if same else 'not ') + singleton)
if singleton in ('None',):
code = 'E711'
else:
code = 'E712'
nonzero = ((singleton == 'True' and same) or
(singleton == 'False' and not same))
msg += " or 'if %scond:'" % ('' if nonzero else 'not ')
yield match.start(2), ("%s comparison to %s should be %s" %
(code, singleton, msg))
@register_check
def comparison_negative(logical_line):
r"""Negative comparison should be done using "not in" and "is not".
Okay: if x not in y:\n pass
Okay: assert (X in Y or X is Z)
Okay: if not (X in Y):\n pass
Okay: zz = x is not y
E713: Z = not X in Y
E713: if not X.B in Y:\n pass
E714: if not X is Y:\n pass
E714: Z = not X.B is Y
"""
match = COMPARE_NEGATIVE_REGEX.search(logical_line)
if match:
pos = match.start(1)
if match.group(2) == 'in':
yield pos, "E713 test for membership should be 'not in'"
else:
yield pos, "E714 test for object identity should be 'is not'"
@register_check
def comparison_type(logical_line, noqa):
r"""Object type comparisons should always use isinstance().
Do not compare types directly.
Okay: if isinstance(obj, int):
E721: if type(obj) is type(1):
When checking if an object is a string, keep in mind that it might
be a unicode string too! In Python 2.3, str and unicode have a
common base class, basestring, so you can do:
Okay: if isinstance(obj, basestring):
Okay: if type(a1) is type(b1):
"""
match = COMPARE_TYPE_REGEX.search(logical_line)
if match and not noqa:
inst = match.group(1)
if inst and inst.isidentifier() and inst not in SINGLETONS:
return # Allow comparison for types which are not obvious
yield match.start(), "E721 do not compare types, use 'isinstance()'"
@register_check
def bare_except(logical_line, noqa):
r"""When catching exceptions, mention specific exceptions when
possible.
Okay: except Exception:
Okay: except BaseException:
E722: except:
"""
if noqa:
return
match = BLANK_EXCEPT_REGEX.match(logical_line)
if match:
yield match.start(), "E722 do not use bare 'except'"
@register_check
def ambiguous_identifier(logical_line, tokens):
r"""Never use the characters 'l', 'O', or 'I' as variable names.
In some fonts, these characters are indistinguishable from the
numerals one and zero. When tempted to use 'l', use 'L' instead.
Okay: L = 0
Okay: o = 123
Okay: i = 42
E741: l = 0
E741: O = 123
E741: I = 42
Variables can be bound in several other contexts, including class
and function definitions, 'global' and 'nonlocal' statements,
exception handlers, and 'with' and 'for' statements.
In addition, we have a special handling for function parameters.
Okay: except AttributeError as o:
Okay: with lock as L:
Okay: foo(l=12)
Okay: for a in foo(l=12):
E741: except AttributeError as O:
E741: with lock as l:
E741: global I
E741: nonlocal l
E741: def foo(l):
E741: def foo(l=12):
E741: l = foo(l=12)
E741: for l in range(10):
E742: class I(object):
E743: def l(x):
"""
is_func_def = False # Set to true if 'def' is found
parameter_parentheses_level = 0
idents_to_avoid = ('l', 'O', 'I')
prev_type, prev_text, prev_start, prev_end, __ = tokens[0]
for token_type, text, start, end, line in tokens[1:]:
ident = pos = None
# find function definitions
if prev_text == 'def':
is_func_def = True
# update parameter parentheses level
if parameter_parentheses_level == 0 and \
prev_type == tokenize.NAME and \
token_type == tokenize.OP and text == '(':
parameter_parentheses_level = 1
elif parameter_parentheses_level > 0 and \
token_type == tokenize.OP:
if text == '(':
parameter_parentheses_level += 1
elif text == ')':
parameter_parentheses_level -= 1
# identifiers on the lhs of an assignment operator
if token_type == tokenize.OP and '=' in text and \
parameter_parentheses_level == 0:
if prev_text in idents_to_avoid:
ident = prev_text
pos = prev_start
# identifiers bound to values with 'as', 'for',
# 'global', or 'nonlocal'
if prev_text in ('as', 'for', 'global', 'nonlocal'):
if text in idents_to_avoid:
ident = text
pos = start
# function parameter definitions
if is_func_def:
if text in idents_to_avoid:
ident = text
pos = start
if prev_text == 'class':
if text in idents_to_avoid:
yield start, "E742 ambiguous class definition '%s'" % text
if prev_text == 'def':
if text in idents_to_avoid:
yield start, "E743 ambiguous function definition '%s'" % text
if ident:
yield pos, "E741 ambiguous variable name '%s'" % ident
prev_type = token_type
prev_text = text
prev_start = start
@register_check
def python_3000_has_key(logical_line, noqa):
r"""The {}.has_key() method is removed in Python 3: use the 'in'
operator.
Okay: if "alph" in d:\n print d["alph"]
W601: assert d.has_key('alph')
"""
pos = logical_line.find('.has_key(')
if pos > -1 and not noqa:
yield pos, "W601 .has_key() is deprecated, use 'in'"
@register_check
def python_3000_raise_comma(logical_line):
r"""When raising an exception, use "raise ValueError('message')".
The older form is removed in Python 3.
Okay: raise DummyError("Message")
W602: raise DummyError, "Message"
"""
match = RAISE_COMMA_REGEX.match(logical_line)
if match and not RERAISE_COMMA_REGEX.match(logical_line):
yield match.end() - 1, "W602 deprecated form of raising exception"
@register_check
def python_3000_not_equal(logical_line):
r"""New code should always use != instead of <>.
The older syntax is removed in Python 3.
Okay: if a != 'no':
W603: if a <> 'no':
"""
pos = logical_line.find('<>')
if pos > -1:
yield pos, "W603 '<>' is deprecated, use '!='"
@register_check
def python_3000_backticks(logical_line):
r"""Use repr() instead of backticks in Python 3.
Okay: val = repr(1 + 2)
W604: val = `1 + 2`
"""
pos = logical_line.find('`')
if pos > -1:
yield pos, "W604 backticks are deprecated, use 'repr()'"
@register_check
def python_3000_invalid_escape_sequence(logical_line, tokens, noqa):
r"""Invalid escape sequences are deprecated in Python 3.6.
Okay: regex = r'\.png$'
W605: regex = '\.png$'
"""
if noqa:
return
# https://docs.python.org/3/reference/lexical_analysis.html#string-and-bytes-literals
valid = [
'\n',
'\\',
'\'',
'"',
'a',
'b',
'f',
'n',
'r',
't',
'v',
'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7',
'x',
# Escape sequences only recognized in string literals
'N',
'u',
'U',
]
for token_type, text, start, end, line in tokens:
if token_type == tokenize.STRING:
start_line, start_col = start
quote = text[-3:] if text[-3:] in ('"""', "'''") else text[-1]
# Extract string modifiers (e.g. u or r)
quote_pos = text.index(quote)
prefix = text[:quote_pos].lower()
start = quote_pos + len(quote)
string = text[start:-len(quote)]
if 'r' not in prefix:
pos = string.find('\\')
while pos >= 0:
pos += 1
if string[pos] not in valid:
line = start_line + string.count('\n', 0, pos)
if line == start_line:
col = start_col + len(prefix) + len(quote) + pos
else:
col = pos - string.rfind('\n', 0, pos) - 1
yield (
(line, col - 1),
"W605 invalid escape sequence '\\%s'" %
string[pos],
)
pos = string.find('\\', pos + 1)
@register_check
def python_3000_async_await_keywords(logical_line, tokens):
"""'async' and 'await' are reserved keywords starting at Python 3.7.
W606: async = 42
W606: await = 42
Okay: async def read(db):\n data = await db.fetch('SELECT ...')
"""
# The Python tokenize library before Python 3.5 recognizes
# async/await as a NAME token. Therefore, use a state machine to
# look for the possible async/await constructs as defined by the
# Python grammar:
# https://docs.python.org/3/reference/grammar.html
state = None
for token_type, text, start, end, line in tokens:
error = False
if token_type == tokenize.NL:
continue
if state is None:
if token_type == tokenize.NAME:
if text == 'async':
state = ('async_stmt', start)
elif text == 'await':
state = ('await', start)
elif (token_type == tokenize.NAME and
text in ('def', 'for')):
state = ('define', start)
elif state[0] == 'async_stmt':
if token_type == tokenize.NAME and text in ('def', 'with', 'for'):
# One of funcdef, with_stmt, or for_stmt. Return to
# looking for async/await names.
state = None
else:
error = True
elif state[0] == 'await':
if token_type == tokenize.NAME:
# An await expression. Return to looking for async/await
# names.
state = None
elif token_type == tokenize.OP and text == '(':
state = None
else:
error = True
elif state[0] == 'define':
if token_type == tokenize.NAME and text in ('async', 'await'):
error = True
else:
state = None
if error:
yield (
state[1],
"W606 'async' and 'await' are reserved keywords starting with "
"Python 3.7",
)
state = None
# Last token
if state is not None:
yield (
state[1],
"W606 'async' and 'await' are reserved keywords starting with "
"Python 3.7",
)
########################################################################
@register_check
def maximum_doc_length(logical_line, max_doc_length, noqa, tokens):
r"""Limit all doc lines to a maximum of 72 characters.
For flowing long blocks of text (docstrings or comments), limiting
the length to 72 characters is recommended.
Reports warning W505
"""
if max_doc_length is None or noqa:
return
prev_token = None
skip_lines = set()
# Skip lines that
for token_type, text, start, end, line in tokens:
if token_type not in SKIP_COMMENTS.union([tokenize.STRING]):
skip_lines.add(line)
for token_type, text, start, end, line in tokens:
# Skip lines that aren't pure strings
if token_type == tokenize.STRING and skip_lines:
continue
if token_type in (tokenize.STRING, tokenize.COMMENT):
# Only check comment-only lines
if prev_token is None or prev_token in SKIP_TOKENS:
lines = line.splitlines()
for line_num, physical_line in enumerate(lines):
if start[0] + line_num == 1 and line.startswith('#!'):
return
length = len(physical_line)
chunks = physical_line.split()
if token_type == tokenize.COMMENT:
if (len(chunks) == 2 and
length - len(chunks[-1]) < MAX_DOC_LENGTH):
continue
if len(chunks) == 1 and line_num + 1 < len(lines):
if (len(chunks) == 1 and
length - len(chunks[-1]) < MAX_DOC_LENGTH):
continue
if length > max_doc_length:
doc_error = (start[0] + line_num, max_doc_length)
yield (doc_error, "W505 doc line too long "
"(%d > %d characters)"
% (length, max_doc_length))
prev_token = token_type
########################################################################
# Helper functions
########################################################################
def readlines(filename):
"""Read the source code."""
try:
with tokenize.open(filename) as f:
return f.readlines()
except (LookupError, SyntaxError, UnicodeError):
# Fall back if file encoding is improperly declared
with open(filename, encoding='latin-1') as f:
return f.readlines()
def stdin_get_value():
"""Read the value from stdin."""
return TextIOWrapper(sys.stdin.buffer, errors='ignore').read()
noqa = lru_cache(512)(re.compile(r'# no(?:qa|pep8)\b', re.I).search)
def expand_indent(line):
r"""Return the amount of indentation.
Tabs are expanded to the next multiple of 8.
>>> expand_indent(' ')
4
>>> expand_indent('\t')
8
>>> expand_indent(' \t')
8
>>> expand_indent(' \t')
16
"""
line = line.rstrip('\n\r')
if '\t' not in line:
return len(line) - len(line.lstrip())
result = 0
for char in line:
if char == '\t':
result = result // 8 * 8 + 8
elif char == ' ':
result += 1
else:
break
return result
def mute_string(text):
"""Replace contents with 'xxx' to prevent syntax matching.
>>> mute_string('"abc"')
'"xxx"'
>>> mute_string("'''abc'''")
"'''xxx'''"
>>> mute_string("r'abc'")
"r'xxx'"
"""
# String modifiers (e.g. u or r)
start = text.index(text[-1]) + 1
end = len(text) - 1
# Triple quotes
if text[-3:] in ('"""', "'''"):
start += 2
end -= 2
return text[:start] + 'x' * (end - start) + text[end:]
def parse_udiff(diff, patterns=None, parent='.'):
"""Return a dictionary of matching lines."""
# For each file of the diff, the entry key is the filename,
# and the value is a set of row numbers to consider.
rv = {}
path = nrows = None
for line in diff.splitlines():
if nrows:
if line[:1] != '-':
nrows -= 1
continue
if line[:3] == '@@ ':
hunk_match = HUNK_REGEX.match(line)
(row, nrows) = (int(g or '1') for g in hunk_match.groups())
rv[path].update(range(row, row + nrows))
elif line[:3] == '+++':
path = line[4:].split('\t', 1)[0]
# Git diff will use (i)ndex, (w)ork tree, (c)ommit and
# (o)bject instead of a/b/c/d as prefixes for patches
if path[:2] in ('b/', 'w/', 'i/'):
path = path[2:]
rv[path] = set()
return {
os.path.join(parent, filepath): rows
for (filepath, rows) in rv.items()
if rows and filename_match(filepath, patterns)
}
def normalize_paths(value, parent=os.curdir):
"""Parse a comma-separated list of paths.
Return a list of absolute paths.
"""
if not value:
return []
if isinstance(value, list):
return value
paths = []
for path in value.split(','):
path = path.strip()
if '/' in path:
path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(parent, path))
paths.append(path.rstrip('/'))
return paths
def filename_match(filename, patterns, default=True):
"""Check if patterns contains a pattern that matches filename.
If patterns is unspecified, this always returns True.
"""
if not patterns:
return default
return any(fnmatch(filename, pattern) for pattern in patterns)
def update_counts(s, counts):
r"""Adds one to the counts of each appearance of characters in s,
for characters in counts"""
for char in s:
if char in counts:
counts[char] += 1
def _is_eol_token(token):
return token[0] in NEWLINE or token[4][token[3][1]:].lstrip() == '\\\n'
########################################################################
# Framework to run all checks
########################################################################
class Checker:
"""Load a Python source file, tokenize it, check coding style."""
def __init__(self, filename=None, lines=None,
options=None, report=None, **kwargs):
if options is None:
options = StyleGuide(kwargs).options
else:
assert not kwargs
self._io_error = None
self._physical_checks = options.physical_checks
self._logical_checks = options.logical_checks
self._ast_checks = options.ast_checks
self.max_line_length = options.max_line_length
self.max_doc_length = options.max_doc_length
self.indent_size = options.indent_size
self.multiline = False # in a multiline string?
self.hang_closing = options.hang_closing
self.indent_size = options.indent_size
self.verbose = options.verbose
self.filename = filename
# Dictionary where a checker can store its custom state.
self._checker_states = {}
if filename is None:
self.filename = 'stdin'
self.lines = lines or []
elif filename == '-':
self.filename = 'stdin'
self.lines = stdin_get_value().splitlines(True)
elif lines is None:
try:
self.lines = readlines(filename)
except OSError:
(exc_type, exc) = sys.exc_info()[:2]
self._io_error = f'{exc_type.__name__}: {exc}'
self.lines = []
else:
self.lines = lines
if self.lines:
ord0 = ord(self.lines[0][0])
if ord0 in (0xef, 0xfeff): # Strip the UTF-8 BOM
if ord0 == 0xfeff:
self.lines[0] = self.lines[0][1:]
elif self.lines[0][:3] == '\xef\xbb\xbf':
self.lines[0] = self.lines[0][3:]
self.report = report or options.report
self.report_error = self.report.error
self.noqa = False
def report_invalid_syntax(self):
"""Check if the syntax is valid."""
(exc_type, exc) = sys.exc_info()[:2]
if len(exc.args) > 1:
offset = exc.args[1]
if len(offset) > 2:
offset = offset[1:3]
else:
offset = (1, 0)
self.report_error(offset[0], offset[1] or 0,
f'E901 {exc_type.__name__}: {exc.args[0]}',
self.report_invalid_syntax)
def readline(self):
"""Get the next line from the input buffer."""
if self.line_number >= self.total_lines:
return ''
line = self.lines[self.line_number]
self.line_number += 1
if self.indent_char is None and line[:1] in WHITESPACE:
self.indent_char = line[0]
return line
def run_check(self, check, argument_names):
"""Run a check plugin."""
arguments = []
for name in argument_names:
arguments.append(getattr(self, name))
return check(*arguments)
def init_checker_state(self, name, argument_names):
"""Prepare custom state for the specific checker plugin."""
if 'checker_state' in argument_names:
self.checker_state = self._checker_states.setdefault(name, {})
def check_physical(self, line):
"""Run all physical checks on a raw input line."""
self.physical_line = line
for name, check, argument_names in self._physical_checks:
self.init_checker_state(name, argument_names)
result = self.run_check(check, argument_names)
if result is not None:
(offset, text) = result
self.report_error(self.line_number, offset, text, check)
if text[:4] == 'E101':
self.indent_char = line[0]
def build_tokens_line(self):
"""Build a logical line from tokens."""
logical = []
comments = []
length = 0
prev_row = prev_col = mapping = None
for token_type, text, start, end, line in self.tokens:
if token_type in SKIP_TOKENS:
continue
if not mapping:
mapping = [(0, start)]
if token_type == tokenize.COMMENT:
comments.append(text)
continue
if token_type == tokenize.STRING:
text = mute_string(text)
if prev_row:
(start_row, start_col) = start
if prev_row != start_row: # different row
prev_text = self.lines[prev_row - 1][prev_col - 1]
if prev_text == ',' or (prev_text not in '{[(' and
text not in '}])'):
text = ' ' + text
elif prev_col != start_col: # different column
text = line[prev_col:start_col] + text
logical.append(text)
length += len(text)
mapping.append((length, end))
(prev_row, prev_col) = end
self.logical_line = ''.join(logical)
self.noqa = comments and noqa(''.join(comments))
return mapping
def check_logical(self):
"""Build a line from tokens and run all logical checks on it."""
self.report.increment_logical_line()
mapping = self.build_tokens_line()
if not mapping:
return
mapping_offsets = [offset for offset, _ in mapping]
(start_row, start_col) = mapping[0][1]
start_line = self.lines[start_row - 1]
self.indent_level = expand_indent(start_line[:start_col])
if self.blank_before < self.blank_lines:
self.blank_before = self.blank_lines
if self.verbose >= 2:
print(self.logical_line[:80].rstrip())
for name, check, argument_names in self._logical_checks:
if self.verbose >= 4:
print(' ' + name)
self.init_checker_state(name, argument_names)
for offset, text in self.run_check(check, argument_names) or ():
if not isinstance(offset, tuple):
# As mappings are ordered, bisecting is a fast way
# to find a given offset in them.
token_offset, pos = mapping[bisect.bisect_left(
mapping_offsets, offset)]
offset = (pos[0], pos[1] + offset - token_offset)
self.report_error(offset[0], offset[1], text, check)
if self.logical_line:
self.previous_indent_level = self.indent_level
self.previous_logical = self.logical_line
if not self.indent_level:
self.previous_unindented_logical_line = self.logical_line
self.blank_lines = 0
self.tokens = []
def check_ast(self):
"""Build the file's AST and run all AST checks."""
try:
tree = compile(''.join(self.lines), '', 'exec', PyCF_ONLY_AST)
except (ValueError, SyntaxError, TypeError):
return self.report_invalid_syntax()
for name, cls, __ in self._ast_checks:
checker = cls(tree, self.filename)
for lineno, offset, text, check in checker.run():
if not self.lines or not noqa(self.lines[lineno - 1]):
self.report_error(lineno, offset, text, check)
def generate_tokens(self):
"""Tokenize file, run physical line checks and yield tokens."""
if self._io_error:
self.report_error(1, 0, 'E902 %s' % self._io_error, readlines)
tokengen = tokenize.generate_tokens(self.readline)
try:
prev_physical = ''
for token in tokengen:
if token[2][0] > self.total_lines:
return
self.noqa = token[4] and noqa(token[4])
self.maybe_check_physical(token, prev_physical)
yield token
prev_physical = token[4]
except (SyntaxError, tokenize.TokenError):
self.report_invalid_syntax()
def maybe_check_physical(self, token, prev_physical):
"""If appropriate for token, check current physical line(s)."""
# Called after every token, but act only on end of line.
# a newline token ends a single physical line.
if _is_eol_token(token):
# if the file does not end with a newline, the NEWLINE
# token is inserted by the parser, but it does not contain
# the previous physical line in `token[4]`
if token[4] == '':
self.check_physical(prev_physical)
else:
self.check_physical(token[4])
elif token[0] == tokenize.STRING and '\n' in token[1]:
# Less obviously, a string that contains newlines is a
# multiline string, either triple-quoted or with internal
# newlines backslash-escaped. Check every physical line in
# the string *except* for the last one: its newline is
# outside of the multiline string, so we consider it a
# regular physical line, and will check it like any other
# physical line.
#
# Subtleties:
# - we don't *completely* ignore the last line; if it
# contains the magical "# noqa" comment, we disable all
# physical checks for the entire multiline string
# - have to wind self.line_number back because initially it
# points to the last line of the string, and we want
# check_physical() to give accurate feedback
if noqa(token[4]):
return
self.multiline = True
self.line_number = token[2][0]
_, src, (_, offset), _, _ = token
src = self.lines[self.line_number - 1][:offset] + src
for line in src.split('\n')[:-1]:
self.check_physical(line + '\n')
self.line_number += 1
self.multiline = False
def check_all(self, expected=None, line_offset=0):
"""Run all checks on the input file."""
self.report.init_file(self.filename, self.lines, expected, line_offset)
self.total_lines = len(self.lines)
if self._ast_checks:
self.check_ast()
self.line_number = 0
self.indent_char = None
self.indent_level = self.previous_indent_level = 0
self.previous_logical = ''
self.previous_unindented_logical_line = ''
self.tokens = []
self.blank_lines = self.blank_before = 0
parens = 0
for token in self.generate_tokens():
self.tokens.append(token)
token_type, text = token[0:2]
if self.verbose >= 3:
if token[2][0] == token[3][0]:
pos = '[{}:{}]'.format(token[2][1] or '', token[3][1])
else:
pos = 'l.%s' % token[3][0]
print('l.%s\t%s\t%s\t%r' %
(token[2][0], pos, tokenize.tok_name[token[0]], text))
if token_type == tokenize.OP:
if text in '([{':
parens += 1
elif text in '}])':
parens -= 1
elif not parens:
if token_type in NEWLINE:
if token_type == tokenize.NEWLINE:
self.check_logical()
self.blank_before = 0
elif len(self.tokens) == 1:
# The physical line contains only this token.
self.blank_lines += 1
del self.tokens[0]
else:
self.check_logical()
if self.tokens:
self.check_physical(self.lines[-1])
self.check_logical()
return self.report.get_file_results()
class BaseReport:
"""Collect the results of the checks."""
print_filename = False
def __init__(self, options):
self._benchmark_keys = options.benchmark_keys
self._ignore_code = options.ignore_code
# Results
self.elapsed = 0
self.total_errors = 0
self.counters = dict.fromkeys(self._benchmark_keys, 0)
self.messages = {}
def start(self):
"""Start the timer."""
self._start_time = time.time()
def stop(self):
"""Stop the timer."""
self.elapsed = time.time() - self._start_time
def init_file(self, filename, lines, expected, line_offset):
"""Signal a new file."""
self.filename = filename
self.lines = lines
self.expected = expected or ()
self.line_offset = line_offset
self.file_errors = 0
self.counters['files'] += 1
self.counters['physical lines'] += len(lines)
def increment_logical_line(self):
"""Signal a new logical line."""
self.counters['logical lines'] += 1
def error(self, line_number, offset, text, check):
"""Report an error, according to options."""
code = text[:4]
if self._ignore_code(code):
return
if code in self.counters:
self.counters[code] += 1
else:
self.counters[code] = 1
self.messages[code] = text[5:]
# Don't care about expected errors or warnings
if code in self.expected:
return
if self.print_filename and not self.file_errors:
print(self.filename)
self.file_errors += 1
self.total_errors += 1
return code
def get_file_results(self):
"""Return the count of errors and warnings for this file."""
return self.file_errors
def get_count(self, prefix=''):
"""Return the total count of errors and warnings."""
return sum(self.counters[key]
for key in self.messages if key.startswith(prefix))
def get_statistics(self, prefix=''):
"""Get statistics for message codes that start with the prefix.
prefix='' matches all errors and warnings
prefix='E' matches all errors
prefix='W' matches all warnings
prefix='E4' matches all errors that have to do with imports
"""
return ['%-7s %s %s' % (self.counters[key], key, self.messages[key])
for key in sorted(self.messages) if key.startswith(prefix)]
def print_statistics(self, prefix=''):
"""Print overall statistics (number of errors and warnings)."""
for line in self.get_statistics(prefix):
print(line)
def print_benchmark(self):
"""Print benchmark numbers."""
print('{:<7.2f} {}'.format(self.elapsed, 'seconds elapsed'))
if self.elapsed:
for key in self._benchmark_keys:
print('%-7d %s per second (%d total)' %
(self.counters[key] / self.elapsed, key,
self.counters[key]))
class FileReport(BaseReport):
"""Collect the results of the checks and print the filenames."""
print_filename = True
class StandardReport(BaseReport):
"""Collect and print the results of the checks."""
def __init__(self, options):
super().__init__(options)
self._fmt = REPORT_FORMAT.get(options.format.lower(),
options.format)
self._repeat = options.repeat
self._show_source = options.show_source
self._show_pep8 = options.show_pep8
def init_file(self, filename, lines, expected, line_offset):
"""Signal a new file."""
self._deferred_print = []
return super().init_file(
filename, lines, expected, line_offset)
def error(self, line_number, offset, text, check):
"""Report an error, according to options."""
code = super().error(line_number, offset, text, check)
if code and (self.counters[code] == 1 or self._repeat):
self._deferred_print.append(
(line_number, offset, code, text[5:], check.__doc__))
return code
def get_file_results(self):
"""Print results and return the overall count for this file."""
self._deferred_print.sort()
for line_number, offset, code, text, doc in self._deferred_print:
print(self._fmt % {
'path': self.filename,
'row': self.line_offset + line_number, 'col': offset + 1,
'code': code, 'text': text,
})
if self._show_source:
if line_number > len(self.lines):
line = ''
else:
line = self.lines[line_number - 1]
print(line.rstrip())
print(re.sub(r'\S', ' ', line[:offset]) + '^')
if self._show_pep8 and doc:
print(' ' + doc.strip())
# stdout is block buffered when not stdout.isatty().
# line can be broken where buffer boundary since other
# processes write to same file.
# flush() after print() to avoid buffer boundary.
# Typical buffer size is 8192. line written safely when
# len(line) < 8192.
sys.stdout.flush()
return self.file_errors
class DiffReport(StandardReport):
"""Collect and print the results for the changed lines only."""
def __init__(self, options):
super().__init__(options)
self._selected = options.selected_lines
def error(self, line_number, offset, text, check):
if line_number not in self._selected[self.filename]:
return
return super().error(line_number, offset, text, check)
class StyleGuide:
"""Initialize a PEP-8 instance with few options."""
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
# build options from the command line
self.checker_class = kwargs.pop('checker_class', Checker)
parse_argv = kwargs.pop('parse_argv', False)
config_file = kwargs.pop('config_file', False)
parser = kwargs.pop('parser', None)
# build options from dict
options_dict = dict(*args, **kwargs)
arglist = None if parse_argv else options_dict.get('paths', None)
verbose = options_dict.get('verbose', None)
options, self.paths = process_options(
arglist, parse_argv, config_file, parser, verbose)
if options_dict:
options.__dict__.update(options_dict)
if 'paths' in options_dict:
self.paths = options_dict['paths']
self.runner = self.input_file
self.options = options
if not options.reporter:
options.reporter = BaseReport if options.quiet else StandardReport
options.select = tuple(options.select or ())
if not (options.select or options.ignore or
options.testsuite or options.doctest) and DEFAULT_IGNORE:
# The default choice: ignore controversial checks
options.ignore = tuple(DEFAULT_IGNORE.split(','))
else:
# Ignore all checks which are not explicitly selected
options.ignore = ('',) if options.select else tuple(options.ignore)
options.benchmark_keys = BENCHMARK_KEYS[:]
options.ignore_code = self.ignore_code
options.physical_checks = self.get_checks('physical_line')
options.logical_checks = self.get_checks('logical_line')
options.ast_checks = self.get_checks('tree')
self.init_report()
def init_report(self, reporter=None):
"""Initialize the report instance."""
self.options.report = (reporter or self.options.reporter)(self.options)
return self.options.report
def check_files(self, paths=None):
"""Run all checks on the paths."""
if paths is None:
paths = self.paths
report = self.options.report
runner = self.runner
report.start()
try:
for path in paths:
if os.path.isdir(path):
self.input_dir(path)
elif not self.excluded(path):
runner(path)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print('... stopped')
report.stop()
return report
def input_file(self, filename, lines=None, expected=None, line_offset=0):
"""Run all checks on a Python source file."""
if self.options.verbose:
print('checking %s' % filename)
fchecker = self.checker_class(
filename, lines=lines, options=self.options)
return fchecker.check_all(expected=expected, line_offset=line_offset)
def input_dir(self, dirname):
"""Check all files in this directory and all subdirectories."""
dirname = dirname.rstrip('/')
if self.excluded(dirname):
return 0
counters = self.options.report.counters
verbose = self.options.verbose
filepatterns = self.options.filename
runner = self.runner
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(dirname):
if verbose:
print('directory ' + root)
counters['directories'] += 1
for subdir in sorted(dirs):
if self.excluded(subdir, root):
dirs.remove(subdir)
for filename in sorted(files):
# contain a pattern that matches?
if (
filename_match(filename, filepatterns) and
not self.excluded(filename, root)
):
runner(os.path.join(root, filename))
def excluded(self, filename, parent=None):
"""Check if the file should be excluded.
Check if 'options.exclude' contains a pattern matching filename.
"""
if not self.options.exclude:
return False
basename = os.path.basename(filename)
if filename_match(basename, self.options.exclude):
return True
if parent:
filename = os.path.join(parent, filename)
filename = os.path.abspath(filename)
return filename_match(filename, self.options.exclude)
def ignore_code(self, code):
"""Check if the error code should be ignored.
If 'options.select' contains a prefix of the error code,
return False. Else, if 'options.ignore' contains a prefix of
the error code, return True.
"""
if len(code) < 4 and any(s.startswith(code)
for s in self.options.select):
return False
return (code.startswith(self.options.ignore) and
not code.startswith(self.options.select))
def get_checks(self, argument_name):
"""Get all the checks for this category.
Find all globally visible functions where the first argument
name starts with argument_name and which contain selected tests.
"""
checks = []
for check, attrs in _checks[argument_name].items():
(codes, args) = attrs
if any(not (code and self.ignore_code(code)) for code in codes):
checks.append((check.__name__, check, args))
return sorted(checks)
def get_parser(prog='pycodestyle', version=__version__):
"""Create the parser for the program."""
parser = OptionParser(prog=prog, version=version,
usage="%prog [options] input ...")
parser.config_options = [
'exclude', 'filename', 'select', 'ignore', 'max-line-length',
'max-doc-length', 'indent-size', 'hang-closing', 'count', 'format',
'quiet', 'show-pep8', 'show-source', 'statistics', 'verbose']
parser.add_option('-v', '--verbose', default=0, action='count',
help="print status messages, or debug with -vv")
parser.add_option('-q', '--quiet', default=0, action='count',
help="report only file names, or nothing with -qq")
parser.add_option('-r', '--repeat', default=True, action='store_true',
help="(obsolete) show all occurrences of the same error")
parser.add_option('--first', action='store_false', dest='repeat',
help="show first occurrence of each error")
parser.add_option('--exclude', metavar='patterns', default=DEFAULT_EXCLUDE,
help="exclude files or directories which match these "
"comma separated patterns (default: %default)")
parser.add_option('--filename', metavar='patterns', default='*.py',
help="when parsing directories, only check filenames "
"matching these comma separated patterns "
"(default: %default)")
parser.add_option('--select', metavar='errors', default='',
help="select errors and warnings (e.g. E,W6)")
parser.add_option('--ignore', metavar='errors', default='',
help="skip errors and warnings (e.g. E4,W) "
"(default: %s)" % DEFAULT_IGNORE)
parser.add_option('--show-source', action='store_true',
help="show source code for each error")
parser.add_option('--show-pep8', action='store_true',
help="show text of PEP 8 for each error "
"(implies --first)")
parser.add_option('--statistics', action='store_true',
help="count errors and warnings")
parser.add_option('--count', action='store_true',
help="print total number of errors and warnings "
"to standard error and set exit code to 1 if "
"total is not null")
parser.add_option('--max-line-length', type='int', metavar='n',
default=MAX_LINE_LENGTH,
help="set maximum allowed line length "
"(default: %default)")
parser.add_option('--max-doc-length', type='int', metavar='n',
default=None,
help="set maximum allowed doc line length and perform "
"these checks (unchecked if not set)")
parser.add_option('--indent-size', type='int', metavar='n',
default=INDENT_SIZE,
help="set how many spaces make up an indent "
"(default: %default)")
parser.add_option('--hang-closing', action='store_true',
help="hang closing bracket instead of matching "
"indentation of opening bracket's line")
parser.add_option('--format', metavar='format', default='default',
help="set the error format [default|pylint|<custom>]")
parser.add_option('--diff', action='store_true',
help="report changes only within line number ranges in "
"the unified diff received on STDIN")
group = parser.add_option_group("Testing Options")
if os.path.exists(TESTSUITE_PATH):
group.add_option('--testsuite', metavar='dir',
help="run regression tests from dir")
group.add_option('--doctest', action='store_true',
help="run doctest on myself")
group.add_option('--benchmark', action='store_true',
help="measure processing speed")
return parser
def read_config(options, args, arglist, parser):
"""Read and parse configurations.
If a config file is specified on the command line with the
"--config" option, then only it is used for configuration.
Otherwise, the user configuration (~/.config/pycodestyle) and any
local configurations in the current directory or above will be
merged together (in that order) using the read method of
ConfigParser.
"""
config = RawConfigParser()
cli_conf = options.config
local_dir = os.curdir
if USER_CONFIG and os.path.isfile(USER_CONFIG):
if options.verbose:
print('user configuration: %s' % USER_CONFIG)
config.read(USER_CONFIG)
parent = tail = args and os.path.abspath(os.path.commonprefix(args))
while tail:
if config.read(os.path.join(parent, fn) for fn in PROJECT_CONFIG):
local_dir = parent
if options.verbose:
print('local configuration: in %s' % parent)
break
(parent, tail) = os.path.split(parent)
if cli_conf and os.path.isfile(cli_conf):
if options.verbose:
print('cli configuration: %s' % cli_conf)
config.read(cli_conf)
pycodestyle_section = None
if config.has_section(parser.prog):
pycodestyle_section = parser.prog
elif config.has_section('pep8'):
pycodestyle_section = 'pep8' # Deprecated
warnings.warn('[pep8] section is deprecated. Use [pycodestyle].')
if pycodestyle_section:
option_list = {o.dest: o.type or o.action for o in parser.option_list}
# First, read the default values
(new_options, __) = parser.parse_args([])
# Second, parse the configuration
for opt in config.options(pycodestyle_section):
if opt.replace('_', '-') not in parser.config_options:
print(" unknown option '%s' ignored" % opt)
continue
if options.verbose > 1:
print(" {} = {}".format(opt,
config.get(pycodestyle_section, opt)))
normalized_opt = opt.replace('-', '_')
opt_type = option_list[normalized_opt]
if opt_type in ('int', 'count'):
value = config.getint(pycodestyle_section, opt)
elif opt_type in ('store_true', 'store_false'):
value = config.getboolean(pycodestyle_section, opt)
else:
value = config.get(pycodestyle_section, opt)
if normalized_opt == 'exclude':
value = normalize_paths(value, local_dir)
setattr(new_options, normalized_opt, value)
# Third, overwrite with the command-line options
(options, __) = parser.parse_args(arglist, values=new_options)
options.doctest = options.testsuite = False
return options
def process_options(arglist=None, parse_argv=False, config_file=None,
parser=None, verbose=None):
"""Process options passed either via arglist or command line args.
Passing in the ``config_file`` parameter allows other tools, such as
flake8 to specify their own options to be processed in pycodestyle.
"""
if not parser:
parser = get_parser()
if not parser.has_option('--config'):
group = parser.add_option_group("Configuration", description=(
"The project options are read from the [%s] section of the "
"tox.ini file or the setup.cfg file located in any parent folder "
"of the path(s) being processed. Allowed options are: %s." %
(parser.prog, ', '.join(parser.config_options))))
group.add_option('--config', metavar='path', default=config_file,
help="user config file location")
# Don't read the command line if the module is used as a library.
if not arglist and not parse_argv:
arglist = []
# If parse_argv is True and arglist is None, arguments are
# parsed from the command line (sys.argv)
(options, args) = parser.parse_args(arglist)
options.reporter = None
# If explicitly specified verbosity, override any `-v` CLI flag
if verbose is not None:
options.verbose = verbose
if options.ensure_value('testsuite', False):
args.append(options.testsuite)
elif not options.ensure_value('doctest', False):
if parse_argv and not args:
if options.diff or any(os.path.exists(name)
for name in PROJECT_CONFIG):
args = ['.']
else:
parser.error('input not specified')
options = read_config(options, args, arglist, parser)
options.reporter = parse_argv and options.quiet == 1 and FileReport
options.filename = _parse_multi_options(options.filename)
options.exclude = normalize_paths(options.exclude)
options.select = _parse_multi_options(options.select)
options.ignore = _parse_multi_options(options.ignore)
if options.diff:
options.reporter = DiffReport
stdin = stdin_get_value()
options.selected_lines = parse_udiff(stdin, options.filename, args[0])
args = sorted(options.selected_lines)
return options, args
def _parse_multi_options(options, split_token=','):
r"""Split and strip and discard empties.
Turns the following:
A,
B,
into ["A", "B"]
"""
if options:
return [o.strip() for o in options.split(split_token) if o.strip()]
else:
return options
def _main():
"""Parse options and run checks on Python source."""
import signal
# Handle "Broken pipe" gracefully
try:
signal.signal(signal.SIGPIPE, lambda signum, frame: sys.exit(1))
except AttributeError:
pass # not supported on Windows
style_guide = StyleGuide(parse_argv=True)
options = style_guide.options
if options.doctest or options.testsuite:
from testsuite.support import run_tests
report = run_tests(style_guide)
else:
report = style_guide.check_files()
if options.statistics:
report.print_statistics()
if options.benchmark:
report.print_benchmark()
if options.testsuite and not options.quiet:
report.print_results()
if report.total_errors:
if options.count:
sys.stderr.write(str(report.total_errors) + '\n')
sys.exit(1)
if __name__ == '__main__':
_main()
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